Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2018, 1701086

a.普通纱布，b.改性纱布c.普通纱布和d.改良纱布上显示相应的血液接触角图像

使用医用纱布包扎伤口是我们最常见、最常规的止血方法，其机理在于纱布吸收了血液中的水分，使血细胞、凝血因子等浓缩，从而促进血液凝固。然而，传统医用纱布对血液过量吸收的问题被长期忽视，往往致使伤口出血过量，严重时患者依然会因失血过多而导致死亡。传统医用纱布是在包扎伤口时利用压力去压迫伤口血管，使伤口的血液流出速度减慢，但传统纱布会大量吸收血液。

中科院化学所高分子物理与化学实验室赵宁、徐坚研究员课题组与南方医科大学邵龙泉教授合作，从材料（纱布）亲水和疏水的角度设计出一种全新概念的止血材料，解决了传统纱布在使用过程中吸血过多的问题。他们利用纳米技术在传统纱布的纤维表面上把医用长链烷烃构筑成微纳米结构层，将常规纱布由亲血性转变成疏血性特性，即在处理后的纱布表面上血液不能够浸润；之后他们进一步将疏血纱布与常规纱布双层叠加在一起，利用下层的常规纱布来促进血液凝固，利用上层的疏血纱布产生负压阻止血液浸湿和渗透，从而达到有效止血和降低失血量的目的。大量的动物实验结果表明，与传统医用纱布相比，新型止血纱布可显著降低失血量60%左右。此外，使用新型止血纱布在颈动脉出血情况下可使得实验白鼠存活时间延长约40%。这种纱布有望为患者争取更多抢救时间。

Wounding with medical gauze is the most common and conventional hemostasis method. The mechanism is that the gauze absorbs water in the blood and concentrates blood cells and coagulation factors, thus promoting blood coagulation.However, the problem of excessive absorption of blood by traditional medical gauze has been neglected for a long time, which often leads to excessive bleeding in the wound. In severe cases, patients will still die due to excessive blood loss.The traditional medical gauze uses pressure to compress the blood vessels of the wound when dressing the wound, so that the blood flow rate of the wound slows down, but the traditional gauze will absorb a large amount of blood.

In collaboration with Professor Shao Longquan of Southern Medical University, Ning Zhao and Jian Xu from the Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry of Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new concept of hemostatic material from the perspective of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials (gauze), which solves the problem of excessive blood absorption during the use of traditional gauze.They used nanotechnology to construct medical long-chain alkanes into micro-nano structure layers on the fiber surface of traditional gauze, transforming the conventional gauze from hemophilic to haemophobic, that is, blood cannot be infiltrated on the treated gauze surface.After that, they further superimposed the hemophilic gauze and the conventional gauze together, using the conventional gauze of the lower layer to promote blood coagulation, and using the hemophilic gauze of the upper layer to generate negative pressure to prevent blood soaking and penetration, so as to achieve the purpose of effective hemostasis and reducing blood loss.A large number of animal experiments show that compared with the traditional medical gauze, the new hemostatic gauze can significantly reduce the blood loss by about 60%.In addition, the use of the new hemostatic gauze can prolong the survival time of the mice in carotid artery bleeding by about 40%.The gauze is expected to buy patients more time to rescue.

DOI:10.1002/adhm.201701086

吕彩莉